Networking, start to finish
From what a network is to how the internet's routers agree on a map. Every lesson is a small machine you can step through, then a short quiz. No experience needed: each module builds on the one before.
Network builder
Put the ideas from this course to work in your own sandbox.
Foundations
What a network is, how bits travel, and how data is packed into packets and frames.
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Lesson 01 · 8 min
What a network is
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Lesson 02 · 8 min
Types of networks: PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN
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Lesson 03 · 9 min
Network topologies: bus, star, ring and mesh
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Lesson 04 · 8 min
Bits on the wire
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Lesson 05 · 9 min
Packets and layers
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Lesson 06 · 8 min
Your home network
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Lesson 07 · 9 min
Ethernet frames and MAC addresses
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Connections: wires and wireless
The physical ways devices connect: cables and connectors, fibre, home internet links, radio, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, mobile networks and satellites.
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Lesson 08 · 9 min
Cables and connectors: copper, RJ45 and coax
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Lesson 09 · 9 min
Fibre optics: light in glass
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Lesson 10 · 9 min
Getting online: DSL, cable and fibre to the home
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Lesson 11 · 9 min
Wireless basics: radio waves and spectrum
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Lesson 12 · 10 min
How Wi-Fi works
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Lesson 13 · 9 min
Bluetooth and personal area networks
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Lesson 14 · 9 min
Zigbee, Thread and LoRa: low-power radios
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Lesson 15 · 9 min
Mobile networks: 4G and 5G
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Lesson 16 · 9 min
Satellite internet: GEO and LEO
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Local delivery and IP
How switches deliver frames, what an IP address is, and how a device gets one and finds its way off the local network.
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Lesson 17 · 8 min
How a switch learns
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Lesson 18 · 9 min
IPv4 addresses
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Lesson 19 · 12 min
Subnets and masks
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Lesson 20 · 8 min
ARP: from IP to MAC
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Lesson 21 · 8 min
DHCP: getting an address
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Lesson 22 · 9 min
Leaving the LAN: the default gateway
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Transport
Getting data between programs: UDP, TCP, ports, NAT, and how queues, buffers and congestion control decide how fast data flows.
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Lesson 23 · 8 min
UDP: fire and forget
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Lesson 24 · 12 min
TCP: connections and reliability
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Lesson 25 · 8 min
Ports and sockets
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Lesson 26 · 9 min
NAT and port translation
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Lesson 27 · 10 min
Queues and buffering: where delay comes from
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Lesson 28 · 10 min
Congestion control: sharing the pipe
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Applications
The protocols you use every day: names, the web, secure connections and email.
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Lesson 29 · 8 min
How a DNS lookup works
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Lesson 30 · 12 min
HTTP requests and responses
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Lesson 31 · 10 min
How HTTPS works
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Lesson 32 · 10 min
How email is delivered
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Lesson 33 · 10 min
Streaming video: buffering and adaptive bitrate
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Routing
How routers choose a path: routing tables, static routes, OSPF inside a network and BGP between networks.
Switching at scale
Splitting and joining LANs: VLANs, trunks, Spanning Tree, link aggregation and routing between VLANs.
IPv6
The bigger address space: IPv6 addresses, autoconfiguration, Neighbor Discovery and running both stacks.
Network security: attacks and defences
How networks are attacked and how each attack is stopped. Every attack lesson is followed by the defence that beats it, shown working.
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Lesson 45 · 9 min
Security basics: what we protect and from whom
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Lesson 46 · 14 min
Defence: firewalls and ACLs
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Lesson 47 · 14 min
Defence: port security, DHCP snooping and ARP inspection
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Lesson 48 · 11 min
Attack: DNS spoofing and cache poisoning
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Lesson 49 · 12 min
Defence: DNSSEC and encrypted DNS
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Lesson 50 · 12 min
Attack: denial of service, SYN floods and amplification
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Lesson 51 · 12 min
Defence: SYN cookies, rate limiting and scrubbing
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Lesson 52 · 15 min
Defence: WPA3 and enterprise Wi-Fi (802.1X)
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Lesson 53 · 10 min
Defence: segmentation, DMZs and zero trust
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Lesson 54 · 10 min
Defence: intrusion detection and prevention
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Lesson 55 · 11 min
Defence: VPNs and IPsec
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Lesson 56 · 10 min
Defence: WireGuard
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Lesson 57 · 12 min
Attack and defence: BGP hijacking and RPKI
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Operations
Running a network: troubleshooting tools, monitoring, quality of service and automation.
Network design
Putting it together: campus networks, data center fabrics and networks in the cloud.
Special topics: queueing theory
The maths of waiting lines: why delay explodes as links fill up, and how engineers size networks, servers and call centres.
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Lesson 65 · 12 min
Queues everywhere: arrivals, service and waiting
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Lesson 66 · 12 min
Little's law
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Lesson 67 · 12 min
Random arrivals: the Poisson process
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Lesson 68 · 12 min
The M/M/1 queue: why delay explodes near full load
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Lesson 69 · 12 min
Many servers: M/M/c and Erlang C
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Lesson 70 · 12 min
Blocking and loss: Erlang B
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Lesson 71 · 14 min
Networks of queues and real traffic
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Special topics
Stand-alone deep dives. Take them any time after the module they build on.
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Lesson S1 · 10 min
IoT: MQTT and constrained devices
Builds on Transport
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Lesson S2 · 12 min
CDNs and anycast
Builds on Routing
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Lesson S3 · 10 min
Inside the mobile core: how 5G networks route your data
Builds on Connections: wires and wireless
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Lesson S4 · 10 min
Software-defined networking
Builds on Operations
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Lesson S5 · 10 min
Voice over IP
Builds on Operations
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Lesson S6 · 10 min
Network time: NTP and PTP
Builds on Transport
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